Six Ways Your Dental Health Can Affect the Health of Your Body

Brushing your teeth, flossing and visiting the dentist regularly are not just important for your smile or your ability to enjoy delicious meals. Your oral health is also an important part of your overall health.

A growing body of research has revealed there is an intimate connection between your oral health and at least six crucial health conditions: Heart Disease, Diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Lung Conditions, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Understanding the dental health connections with the rest of your body can empower you to take better care of your oral health, leading to a healthier, happier life, so let's take a closer look at the six main ways your dental health can be impacting the health of the rest of your body.

Heart Disease and Oral Health

Although the most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol, many people are unaware that their dental health is also closely linked to heart disease.

Your heart and mouth may seem unrelated, but research increasingly suggests that poor oral health can impact cardiovascular health.

Gum disease, or periodontitis, causes chronic inflammation, allowing harmful bacteria to enter your bloodstream. Once they get into your bloodstream, these bacteria can travel throughout your body and trigger inflammation in your heart's vessels and infection in your heart valves. They can also contribute to the formation of arterial plaques, increasing your risk of heart disease, heart attacks and strokes.

Diabetes and Oral Health

Did you know that dental health and diabetes are closely related through a two-way interaction? If you have diabetes you are at a higher risk of developing oral health problems. And conversely, poor oral health can impact your diabetes management as well as your overall health.

Diabetics are more susceptible to gum disease (periodontitis) because it is harder for their bodies to control their blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels can weaken the body's ability to fight infections, including those in the gums. As a result, diabetics may experience more severe and frequent gum infections, which, if left untreated, can lead to inflammation, bleeding gums, and even tooth loss. Infections in the mouth can also spread to other parts of the body, worsening overall health and potentially leading to more severe diabetes-related complications.

Gum disease can also increase blood sugar levels, making it more challenging for diabetics to control their blood glucose. A decrease in saliva production is a common complication of diabetes and it also increases the risk of developing dental decay.

Even if you don’t already have diabetes, studies now suggest a link between poor oral health and increased insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Because the risk of developing severe gum disease is greater in people with diabetes, particularly when blood sugar levels are not controlled, it’s important to also limit sugary snacks and beverages that can promote tooth decay and affect blood sugar levels. It is also recommended that diabetics have more frequent dental check-ups and cleanings.

Alzheimer's Disease and Oral Health

Although Alzheimer's disease is a complex condition influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, new evidence suggests a potential link between dental health and developing Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive conditions.

Periodontitis is caused by bacteria that leads to inflammation of the gums. Once this bacteria enters the bloodstream through your infected gums, it can lead to systemic inflammation, travelling from the mouth to your brain.

This overall increase in inflammation can have detrimental effects on the brain and has been linked to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, with bacteria involved in gum disease found travelling to sites of the brain responsible for memory.

Unfortunately, the memory loss and gradual impairment of functioning caused by Alzheimer's can also lead to a decline in oral hygiene, further worsening gum disease and inflammation.

Dentists can help find methods to make oral hygiene easier and manage inflammation in the gums for people who already have Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive conditions.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Oral Health

Gum disease during pregnancy is more common due to hormonal changes and studies now also indicate that poor dental hygiene is linked to several adverse outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.

Many conditions of pregnancy can increase your risk of developing tooth decay, including reflux or vomiting and the increased teeth brushing associated with these conditions. Dietary changes including frequent snacking to prevent morning sickness or eating products with added sugar due to food cravings can also cause cavities to develop.

With pregnancy hormones also making gums more susceptible to inflammation, swelling and gingivitis, bacteria can enter your bloodstream through your infected gums, travelling from the mouth to your placenta.

Dental treatment is still safe to receive during pregnancy, however, if possible, try to have a dental check-up prior to falling pregnant to ensure any necessary dental treatments are performed prior to falling pregnant. If you develop gum disease during pregnancy, it is safe to receive treatment.

Brush your teeth and your tongue twice a day with a soft, small-headed toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste and try using a fluoride mouthwash if you’re gagging when brushing your back teeth.

Lung Conditions and Oral Health

Early evidence suggests poor dental health can be related to common lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and COVID-19 through both an imbalance of bacteria in the mouth due to oral disease and a process known as aspiration pneumonia.

Aspiration pneumonia occurs when bacteria in your mouth and throat are inhaled into the lungs, leading to infection and inflammation. This can happen when your immune system is compromised or when you have difficulty swallowing or coughing effectively to clear your airways.

Oral disease also contributes to lung conditions. When your mouth is full of bacteria and these bacteria travel to your lungs either through the bloodstream or via aspiration, they increase the risk of respiratory infections, causing infections like pneumonia.

Untreated tooth decay and dental abscesses can create pockets of infection in the mouth. Bacteria from these infections can spread to the lungs, especially if the person aspirates, leading to pneumonia.

If you have poor dental health you may also have difficulty swallowing, which can lead to an increased risk of aspirating food or liquids into the lungs, which can cause aspiration pneumonia.

Poor dental health can also exacerbate existing conditions. If you suffer from conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma you may be more susceptible to respiratory infections if your oral health is not adequately maintained.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Oral Health

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a broad term encompassing Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease, both of which are inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract.

While the link between dental health and IBS is not fully understood yet, early evidence indicates a link between severe gum disease and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Because Periodontitis is a severe inflammatory disease affecting the gums, these two conditions appear to be linked due to their common involvement of inflammation, and some studies have even shown the presence of mouth bacteria in the gut.

Migration of bacteria from the mouth to the gut can trigger the body's defence system to react to these oral bacteria, resulting in the formation of abscesses and other reactions within the gut that might not have otherwise occurred.

If you suffer from both severe gum disease and IBD, this combination elevates overall body inflammation and could potentially worsen the progression of both diseases.

Practising good dental hygiene can help you prevent and manage these systemic health conditions.

Brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing at least once a day, drinking water and eating a balanced and nutritious diet looks after the health of your teeth as well as having a positive impact on the health of the rest of your body.

To floss your teeth correctly, follow these simple steps:

🦷 Dispense about 30-40 cm of dental floss.
🦷 Hold a short amount of floss between both hands and gently insert it between your teeth.
🦷 Curve the floss around each tooth in a "C" shape.
🦷 Move the floss in a back-and-forth and up-and-down motion
🦷 Be careful not to apply too much pressure and use a new, clean section of floss for each tooth.

Having regular dental check-ups will allow your dentist to monitor or stabilise any diseases in your mouth, preventing harmful bacteria from entering your bloodstream and spreading to other organs in your body.

And if you are already suffering from conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, lung conditions, and inflammatory bowel disease your dentist can also help you manage symptoms of these diseases, such as mouth ulcers, common for IBS sufferers and gum swelling, common in pregnancy.

References

_{HEART DISEASE}

_{Tonetti MS, Van Dyke TE and on behalf of working group 1 of the joint EFP/ AAP workshop. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40 (Suppl. 14): S24–S29"}

_{Dietrich, T., Sharma, P., Walter, C., Weston, P. and Beck, J. (2013), The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Journal of Periodontology, 84: S70-S84.}

_{Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts. AIHW. 9 Feb 2023. Web Report}

_{Sanz M, Marco Del Castillo A, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D'Aiuto F, Bouchard P, Chapple I, Dietrich T, Gotsman I, Graziani F, Herrera D, Loos B, Madianos P, Michel JB, Perel P, Pieske B, Shapira L, Shechter M, Tonetti M, Vlachopoulos C, Wimmer G. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Mar;47(3):268-288}

_{Reyes, L.; Herrera, D.; Kozarov, E.; Roldan, S.; Progulske-Fox, A. Periodontal bacterial invasion and infection: Contribution to atherosclerotic pathology. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2013, 40 (Suppl. 14), S30–S50.}

_{Lalla E, Lamster IB, Hofmann MA, et al. Oral infection with a periodontal pathogen accelerates early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1405-11}

_{Li L, Messas E, Batista EL Jr, Levine RA, Amar S. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in a heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient murine model. Circulation 2002;105:861-}

_{Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodontol 2000;71:1554-60.}

_{Velsko IM, Chukkapalli SS, Rivera-Kweh MF, Zheng D, Aukhil I, Lucas AR, Larjava H, Kesavalu L. Periodontal pathogens invade gingiva and aortic adventitia and elicit inflammasome activation in αvβ6 integrin-deficient mice. Infect Immun. 2015 Dec;83(12):4582-93.}

_DIABETES

_{Chapple ILC, Genco R 2013: Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. PMID: 23627322 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12077}

_{Wu C, Yuan Y, Liu H, Li S, Zhang B, Chen W, An Z, Chen S, Wu Y, Han B, Li C, Li L. Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health. 2020: 20; 204}

_{Sanz et al 2020. Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology. PMID:29280174 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12808}

_{Simpson TC, Clarkson JE, Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Weldon JC, Needleman I, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Wild SH, Qureshi A, Walker A, Patel VA, Boyers D, Twigg J. Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 14;4(4):CD004714. PMID: 35420698 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004714.pub4.}

_{ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE}

_{Health direct. Alzheimer’s disease. 2022 website}

_{Ryder M, Xenoudi P. Alzheimer disease and the periodontal patient: New insights, connections, and therapies. Periodontology 2000. 2021; 87: 132-142}

_{Nascimento PC, Castro MML, Magno MB, Almeida APCPSC, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC and Lima RR (2019) Association Between Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment in Adults: A Systematic Review. Front. Neurol. 10:323.}

_PREGNANCY

_{Manrique-Corredor EJ, Orozco-Beltran D, Lopez-Pineda A. Maternal periodontitis and preterm birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019 Jun;47(3):243-251.}

_{Ye C, Kapila Y. Oral microbiome shifts during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Hormonal and Immunologic changes at play. Periodontology 2000. 2021; 87: 267-281}

_{Yenen Z, Ataçağ T. Oral care in pregnancy. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2019 Nov 28;20(4):264-268. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2018.2018.0139. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30556662; PMCID: PMC6883753.}

_{Raju K, Berens L. Periodontology and pregnancy: An overview of biomedical and epidemiological evidence. Periodontology 2000 2021. 87:132-142}

_{Jang H, Patoine A, Wu TT, Castillo DA, Xiao J. Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 19;11(1):16870.}

_{Daalderop LA, et al. Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcomes: Overview of Systematic Reviews. JDR Clinical & Translational Research. 2018; 3(1):1 0-27. doi:10.1177/2380084417731097}

_{LUNG DISEASE}

_{Gaeckle NT, Pragman AA, Pendleton KM, Baldomero AK, Criner GJ. The Oral-Lung Axis: The Impact of Oral Health on Lung Health. Respir Care. 2020 Aug;65(8):1211-1220.}

_{Molina A, Huck O, Herrera D & Montero E. The association between respiratory diseases and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2022 Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1;pp1-46}

_{Dong J, Li W, Wang Q, Chen J, Zu Y, Zhou X & Guo Q. Relationships between Oral Microsystem and Respiratory Diseases. Mol. BiosciI. 2022. Vol 8}

All Treatments

Symptom Checker

All Pricing & Offers